The participants don't have to go to the antipode at 46°S 178☎ since the rounding of Africa gives extra distance. For example, the Vendée Globe starts at 46°N 2°W, has a waypoint at 57°S 180☎, and barely makes the distance requirement. In reality, this means that the boat should pass a waypoint at or not far from the antipode of the starting port of the journey (the exact position depends on how short the shortest possible track is).
It is allowed to have one single waypoint to lengthen the calculated track. The great-circle distance formulas are to be used, assuming that the great circle length is 21,600 nmi. WSSRC rules state that qualifying round-the-world voyages must be at least 21,600 nmi long, calculated along the shortest possible track from the starting port and back that does not cross land and does not go below 63°S. The records are homologated by the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC). The Jules Verne Trophy is awarded to the skipper who breaks the previous Jules Verne record, starting from an imaginary line between the Créac'h lighthouse on Ushant island, France, and the Lizard Lighthouse, UK. Leisure yacht skippers who prefer tropical seas more often go westward, using the trade winds (and the Panama canal). Today, the multihulls perform much better than monohulls and hold the best times. The dominant winds and currents (outside tropical areas) make the voyage eastwards on the Southern hemisphere faster, most skippers and yachts who race prefer this route.
Sailing around the world can be done by two directions: eastward or westward.
Large stretches of the canal can be crossed under sail power. Since 1918 the Panama Canal is an option but the locks must be entered and exited using engine power. Due to the configuration of the continents, sailing around the world consists of sailing on the Southern Ocean around the Antarctica continent, passing south of Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope and Cape Leeuwin. Most races or solo attempts start from Europe. The current record holders are IDEC 3, skippered by Francis Joyon in 40 days, 23 hours, 30 minutes and 30 seconds for a crewed journey, and François Gabart with Macif in 42 days, 16 hours, 40 minutes and 35 seconds for a solo journey. The first solo record was set by Joshua Slocum in the Spray (1898). The first around the world sailing record for circumnavigation of the world was Juan Sebastián Elcano and the remaining members of Ferdinand Magellan's crew who completed their journey in 1522. IDEC 3, current outright record holder at 40 days, 23 hours, 30 minutes and 30 seconds.
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